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In den Wirren der sich auflösenden Sowjetunion konnte sich 1992 in Moldawien fast unbemerkt eine Sezession vollziehen, die eines der ärmsten Länder Europas seither spaltet. Östlich des Flusses Dnjestr konsolidierten die Transnistrier ihren eigenen Kleinstaat, der weltweit bislang keine Anerkennung fand und der sich selbst als , Pridnestrovskaja Moldavskaja Respublika' (PMR) bezeichnet.In der PMR konnte sich ein System etablieren, das unter der...

In today's complex business environment, both raising and application of fund becomes so costly. Thus, business needs to take a wise decision of investing funds in fixed facilities. NPV, PBP, IRR are some widely used tools in such situation most of which are based on projected revenues. LCC is special in a sense that it considers every cost category throughout the life of alternative projects from cradle to grave. If the amount of revenue is s...

Leonard Nelson (1882-1927) war ein deutscher Philosoph, der sich hauptsächlich mit Logik und Ethik beschäftigte. Nach seinem Studium in Heidelberg, Berlin und Göttingen wurde Nelson durch Unterstützung von David Hilbert 1919 zum außerordentlichen Professor berufen. Nelson gründete früh Diskussionsrunden ("Neue Fries'sche Schule"), die philosophische Fragen erörterten Namensgeber hierfür war der Kantianer Jakob Friedrich Fries. Später rief Nels...

Die Klassische Schweinepest gehört zu den wirtschaftlich bedeutsamsten Tierseuchen und kann unter natürlichen Bedingungen sowohl Haus- als auch Wildschweine befallen. Vor allem in Staaten mit einer intensiven Schweineproduktion stellt sie ein Problem dar. Mit der steten Zunahme der Schwarzwilddichte in weiten Teilen Europas ist in den letzten Jahren die Frage nach der Rolle des Schwarzwildes als Virusreservoir und -überträger mehr und mehr ins...

During the 1990s and early 2000s, Finland underwent a profound restructuring that saw it change from a country deep in recession to a global model of the knowledge economy. At the same time, the Helsinki region transformed itself into one of the most competitive regions in Europe. This book examines policy changes related to these transformations, by analysing major shifts in state policies, urban strategies and university activity. At the lev...

This book demonstrates the effects of globalization discourse on the British Labour governments of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. It also provides important lessons for contemporary policymakers, in the wake of a world recession that was totally avoidable but encouraged by the prescriptions of globalization discourse. The recent economic crisis has undermined core claims from the latter, both by underlining its flaws and also because internation...

Lately, anthropogenic secondary forests have entered the global conservation debates due to unprecedented rates of tropical deforestation. In places where a cash economy has been dominant for many decades, socioeconomic factors greatly affect this forest type. This book explores several related questions about the relationships between anthropogenic disturbance and the regeneration and the utilization of floodplain secondary forests in Peninsu...

This book is a self-analysis of Shelley Robinson'sown act of creative writing. In a (modified) think-aloud protocol, Robinson metacognitively reflects upon her own act of writing, working in three rhetorical forms of writing: 1) a poem(imaginative), 2) a journal entry (expressive), and 3) an article(transactional). During this research, she expands the concept ofmetacognition to become "meta-processing" in order to bettercommunicate her reflex...

The social and political transition that came with the fall of apartheid in South Africa had tremendous significance for the media. The media were actively engaged in the discussion of what role they should serve in the newfound democracy. This book is the result of a research project that scrutinzed more than 100 articles that appeared in the South African press in the post-apartheid years 1996-99. Two main discourses were identified: the wat...

In 1986, Vietnam initiated its extensive economic reform program, known as Doi Moi, which saved the country - then in a devastating economic crisis - from a collapse. The introduction of market system has brought back substantial changes in both people's life and the national economy. Market mechanism, commercial institutions, private properties and capital goods ownership, free trade... have since come into existence. Gradually, financial mar...

Fisheries represent an important component of the renewable natural resources sector in many developing countries. Regardless of this key role, fishing communities in developing countries remain among the poorest. Two reasons may explain the high rate of poverty: declining fish resources, and lack of access to alternative income-generating opportunities. It may be contended that it is the lack of access to alternative income-generating opportu...

The concept of Functionally Graded Materials was proposed for severe environment application like space, thermal barrier coating etc. However, these materials had been successfully used in several fields of engineering. In these materials, properties of interest vary gradually from point to point. Understanding the fracture mechanics of these materials has been of interest to researchers to better utilize the capabilities of these materials an...

The purpose of this book is to learn the relationship among education, productivity, income distribution, and economic growth, as well as to link the structure of the educational system to the economic and social character of the society. Essay 1 examines the equilibrium levels of public and private education in a model where public and private education can exist at the same time. There is no possibility for collapse of the public education s...

Chilldown process is a complicated process involves unsteady two-phase heat and mass transfer and initiates the cryogenic fluids transport. To advance the understanding of this process, both experimental and modeling investigations have been carried. The chilldown process can be generally divided into three regions which are associated with different flow regimes and heat transfer mechanisms. Under low flow conditions, the two-phase flow durin...

This book presents a comparison of different methods for generating PVT properties of volatile oil and gas-condensate reservoir fluids determined that PVT properties generated with the Whitson and Torp method agree the best with full EOS compositional simulation. Also, a new oil-gas ratio correlation for volatile oil and gas condensate reservoir fluids is developed. According to our knowledge, no correlation to calculate oil-gas ratio exists i...

In most material removal processes, the size and shape of the stock material, the desired surface and the orientation of the part are known. If some or all of these factors are unknown, typical automatic systems will not be able to handle the situation. Therefore, a new system needs to be designed to meet the requirements for material removal with unknown objects. This book presents a feasible and efficient automatic system for material remova...

Internet Protocol (IP) mobility can be handled at different layers of the protocol stack. In this book, a Seamless IP-diversity-based Generalized Mobility Architecture (SIGMA) is described. SIGMA works at the transport layer and utilizes IP diversity to achieve seamless handover, and is designed to solve many of the drawbacks of Mobile IP. The handover performance, signaling cost, and survivability issues of SIGMA are evaluated and compared wi...

As a result of massive urbanization and economic underdevelopment, housing shortages and poor housing conditions remain as a norm for major cities in developing countries. These housing crises have resulted in the emergence of squatter settlements and slum areas in and around poor countries' urban centers, further exacerbating nascent strains on quality of life. The majority developing countries' populations are too poor to afford housing cost...

The use of microchannels in order to cool modern high speed electronic circuits is one of the techniques frequently adopted in current practice. A burst of publications in this area has been observed in the last decade. However, modeling of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels is still an open problem. In fact, many deviations have been experimentally observed between well established correlations used for conventional normally sized ...

In recent years, with an ever increasing number of wireless services to be allocated within a limited frequency resource, much research has focused on the development of spectrally efficient transmission technologies at the physical layer. The most promising among these technologies is that of MIMO systems, which prescribe radio links with multiple antennas at both ends. A critical factor in determining the performance of a MIMO system is the ...